Diarrhoea and vomiting

How to treat diarrhoea and vomiting yourself

You can usually treat yourself or your child at home.

The most important thing is to have plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.

Do:

• stay at home and get plenty of rest
• drink lots of fluids, such as water and squash – take small sips if you feel sick
• carry on giving breast or bottle feeds to your baby – if they're being sick, try giving small feeds more often than usual
• for babies on formula or solid foods, give small sips of water between feeds
• eat when you feel able to – you don't need to have or avoid any specific foods
• take paracetamol if you're in discomfort – check the leaflet before giving paracetamol to your child

Don't:

• have fruit juice or fizzy drinks – they can make diarrhoea worse
• make baby formula weaker – use it at its usual strength
• give young children medicine to stop diarrhoea
• give aspirin to children under 16 years old

Diarrhoea and vomiting can spread easily

If you have a stomach bug, you could be infectious to others.

You're most infectious from when the symptoms start until two days after they've passed. Stay off school or work until the symptoms have stopped for two days.

To avoid spreading an infection:

Do:

• wash your hands with soap and water often
• wash dirty clothing and bedding separately on a hot wash
• clean toilet seats, flush handles, taps, surfaces and door handles every day

Don't:

• prepare food for other people, if possible
• share towels, flannels, cutlery or utensils
• use a swimming pool until two weeks after the symptoms stop

How a pharmacist can help

A pharmacist can help if you or your child has diarrhoea and vomiting. They may recommend:

• oral rehydration sachets that you mix with water and drink
• medicine to stop diarrhoea for a few hours (like loperamide) – not suitable for young children

When to see your GP (adults)

You should speak to a GP or contact GP out of hours service if you:

• have diarrhoea for more than seven days or vomiting for more than two days
• vomiting for less than two days, but are unable to keep any fluid down and have symptoms of dehydration
• are dehydrated despite using oral rehydration sachets
• have bloody diarrhoea or bleeding from your bottom
• have green or yellow vomit
• you're pregnant
• you're over 60 years old
• in the last few weeks you've returned from a part of the world with poor sanitation
• you have a long-term underlying condition, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), heart valve disease, diabetes or kidney disease
• you have a weak immune system – for example, because of medication, cancer treatment or HIV

When to get medical help for your child

You should take your child to your GP or contact GP out of hours service if they are:

under three months and has one or more of the following:

• have a temperature of 38°C or higher
• have signs of dehydration
• vomiting for more than 12 hours
• have pooed more than five times in the previous 24 hours

three to six months and has one or more of the following:

• have a temperature of 39°C or higher
• have signs of dehydration
• vomiting for more than 12 hours
• have pooed more than five times in the previous 24 hours

six to 12 months and has one or more of the following:

• have signs of dehydration
• vomiting for more than 12 hours
• have pooed more than five times in the previous 24 hours

one to two years and has one or more of the following:

• have signs of dehydration
• vomiting for more than 24 hours
• have pooed more than five times in the previous 24 hours

older than two years and has one or more of the following:

• have signs of dehydration
• vomiting for more than two days
• have diarrhoea for more than seven days

Check with the GP or GP out of hours service before going in – they may suggest a phone check up.

When to get immediate medical help for your child

Take your child to your GP urgently or contact GP out of hours service if they:

• still have signs of dehydration despite using oral rehydration sachets
• have green or yellow vomit
• have blood in their poo or bleeding from their bottom

Contact urgent and emergency care services if you can't get hold of your GP.

When to get urgent medical help (children and adults)

Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department if you or your child:

• are vomiting blood or have vomit that looks like ground coffee
• have a stiff neck and pain when looking at bright lights
• have a sudden, severe headache or stomach ache
• may have swallowed something poisonous

What is a severe headache or stomach ache

Severe pain:

• always there and so bad it’s hard to think or talk
• you can’t sleep
• it’s very hard to move, get out of bed, go to the bathroom, wash or dress

Moderate pain:

• always there
• makes it hard to concentrate or sleep
• you can manage to get up, wash or dress

Mild pain:

• comes and goes
• is annoying but doesn’t stop you doing things like going to work

How long diarrhoea and vomiting last

You don't normally need to see your GP if you have diarrhoea or vomiting or both as it should get better on its own.

Visiting your GP surgery can put others at risk. It's best to call your GP or GP out of hours service if you're concerned or feel you need advice.

While the symptoms can be alarming for parents/carers, it is important to note that:

For children:

• diarrhoea usually lasts five to seven days, and in most children it stops within two weeks
• vomiting, usually lasts  one or two days, and in most children it stops within three days

For adults:

• diarrhoea lasting for up to 10 days is not unusual
• vomiting usually lasts for two days

Causes of diarrhoea and vomiting

You probably won't know exactly what the cause is, but the main causes of diarrhoea and vomiting are treated in the same way.

They're usually due to:

• a stomach bug (gastroenteritis)
• norovirus – also called the "vomiting bug"
• food poisoning

Other causes of diarrhoea

• medicines – check the leaflet to see if diarrhoea is a side effect
• a food intolerance or food allergy
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• inflammatory bowel disease
• coeliac disease
• diverticular disease

Other causes of vomiting

• pregnancy
• migraine
• labyrinthitis
• medicines – check the leaflet to see if vomiting is a side effect
• reflux – where a baby brings feeds back up (spitting up)
• other infections – such as a urinary tract infection (UTI)

More useful links

• How to use your health services